أفكار لتعزيز تمكين العاملين في المنظمات العربية

Transcription

1 أفكار لتعزيز تمكين العاملين في المنظمات العربية 99

2 1989 Wilkinson, 1998:40 Anglo-Saxon Conger, and Caning, Murrel and Meredith (2000) 1988; Wilkinson,

3 Shackletor 1997) Ginnodo 1995:130) Spreizer, 1995; Wilkinson, Conunger, and Kanungo, Conunger and Kanungo, 1988 Lashely and McGoldrick (1994) (Task) 92

4 Task allocation) Power) (Commitment) Culture) 93

5 Conger and Kanungo (1988 Conger and Kanungo Conger and Kanungo Conger, and Kanungo,

6 Conger and Kanungo, Thomas and Velthouse Conger and Kanungo Thomas and Velthouse cognitive Sense of impact 95

7 Competence meaningfulness Choice 96

8 Nixon (1994) Cook (1994) 97

9 1987) Block Phillips, 1995 Jones, 1995) Brown,1997) Quinn and Spreitzer (1997) 98

10 1994) Cook Lawler Quinn and Spreitzer, 1997, Cook, 1994 (1992 Burswood Resort Hotel in (cacciope, 1998) Western Australia Quinn and Spreitzer, :3) Taborda Trust Harari (1999) Harari, 199; Kirkmord and Rosen, 2000) 99

11 Quinn and Spreitzer ( ) Spreitzer Suttonand 1992) Lawler Kahn, 1997) 199

12 (Conger and Kanungo, 1988; Hardy and Lieba-O'Sullivan,1998) Swenson, 1997; Nykodym et al., 1991; Wellinset al.,1991) (Robinson, 1997) (Cunningham et al., 1996) Mallak and Kurstedt (1996) Honold Foster-Fishman and Keys (1995) (1997) (Schein, 1985) 191

13 Spreitzer, 1995) Martin, 1992) Schein, 1984:3) Schneider, 1984) (Schrivastava, and Hofstede, et. Al (1990) Hofstede et al. (1990) 192 Hofstede (1990)

14 Hofstede et al (Hofstede, 1984, 1994) Hofsted (1980, 1994) Hofstede, 1984, 1994) 193

15 Hofestede, 1984, 1994) Byhan Bowen and Lawler (1995: 80) (1997:28:30) 194

16 Gandz (1990:76) Jones Jones et al (1996) et al Potter, 1994) Nicholls (1995) Dvir et. 1985) Bennis and Nanus Al., 2002) 195

17 Bassand Avolio,1993) Eden, 1992 Quinn and Spreitzr (1997) 196

18 Caudron (1995:30) 1992) Bowen and Lawler Ford and Fottler (1995:26) 197

19 Kizilos (1990) 198

20 199

21 119

22 111

23 112

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25 Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, R. N.(1988). The empowerment process : integrating theory and practice, Academy of Management Review, Vol.19, No.3, pp Cook, S. (1994). The culture implication of empowerment. Empowerment in Organization, Vol.2, No.1, pp Cunningham, I., Hyman, J. and Baldry, J. (1996). Empowerment: the power to do what?. Industrial Relations Journal, Vol.27, No.2, pp Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: a field experiment. A cademy of Management Journal, Vol.45, pp Eden, D. (1992). Leadership and expectations: Pygmalion effects and other self-fulfilling prophecies in organization. Leadership Quarterly, Vol.3, pp Ford, R. C. and Fottler, M. D.(1995). Empowerment:A matter of degree. Academy of Management Executivve,Vol.9, No.3, pp Foster-Fishman, P. G. and Keys, C. B. (1995). The inserted pyramid how a well-meaning attempt to initate enployee empowerment ran afoul of the culture of public bureaucracy. Academy of Management Journal Best Papers Proceefing 1995, pp Gandz, J. (1990). The employee empowerment era. Business Quarterly, Vol.55, no.2, pp Ginnodo, W. (1997). The Power of Empowerment. Arlington Heighta, IL:Pride. 114

26 Harari, O. (1999). The trust factor, Management Review, Vol88, No.1, pp Hardy, C. and Leiba-O Sullivan, S. (1998). The power behind empowerment: implications for research and practiceg. Human Relations, Vol.51, No.44, pp Hofstede, O. (1980). Culture s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. CA: Newbury Park, Sage. Hofstede, O. (1994). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill. Honold, L. (1997). A review of the literature on employee empowerment, Empowerment in Organization, Vol.5, No.4, pp Jones, L. (1995). Cocooned and cynical employees. Journal for Quality and Participation, Vol.18, No.18, pp Kirkman, B. L. Rosen, J. V. (2000). Powering up teams, Organizational Dynamics, Vol.28, No.3, pp Kizilos, P. (1990). Crazu about empowerment, Training, Vol.27, no.12, pp Lashley, C. and McGoldrick, J. (1994). The limits of empowerment: a critical assessment of human resource strategy for hospitality operations, Empowerment in Organization, Vol.2, No.3, pp Mallak, L. A. and Kurstedt, H.A. Jr. (1996). Understanding and using empowerment to change organizational culture. Industrial Management, November/December, pp Martin, J. (1992). Cultures in Organizations: Three Perspective. New York: Oxford university Press. 115

27 Murrell, K. L. and Meredith, M. (2000). Empowering Employee. New York: McGraw-Hill. Nicholls, J. (1995). Getting empowerment into perspective: a three stage training framwork. Empowerment in Organization, Vol.3, No.2, pp Nixon, B. (1994). Developing an empowering culture in organizaion. Empowerment in Organization, Vol.2, No.1, pp Nykodym, N., Simonetti, J. L., Nielesn, W.R. and Welling, B. (1994). Employee empowerment. Empowerment in Organization, Vol.2, No.3, pp Phillips, R. (1995). Coaching for higher performance. Executive Development. Vol.8, No.7, pp.5-7. Potter, J. (1994). Tapping iceberg: how to get the best out of your people through empowerment. Empowerment in Organization. Vol.2, No.1, pp.4-8. Quinn, R.E. and Spreitzer, G.M. (1997). The road to empowerment: seven questions every leader should consider, organizational Dynamics, Vol. 26, No.2, pp Robinson, R. (1997). Loosening the reins without losihg control, Empowerment in Organizaion, Vol.5, No2, pp Schein, E. (1984). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp Schein, E. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. Sn Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Shackleton, V. (1995). Business Leadership. London: Routledge. 116

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